
Celestial Body – Chiron
Astronomers observed ring formation around Chiron, marking the first real-time discovery of rings around a minor planet between Saturn and Uranus.

Astronomers observed ring formation around Chiron, marking the first real-time discovery of rings around a minor planet between Saturn and Uranus.

The Forest Declaration Assessment 2025 warns global deforestation hit 8.1M ha in 2024, leaving the world 63% off-track for 2030 goals.

Visva-Bharati University, founded by Rabindranath Tagore in 1921, faces an institutional crisis amid NEP 2020 reforms, funding cuts, and faculty unrest.

RTI Act at 20 shows declining transparency due to vacancies, weak enforcement, and new privacy laws undermining citizens’ right to information.

LEAPS 2025 promotes innovation, sustainability, and efficiency to boost India’s logistics competitiveness and global standing.

NITI Aayog’s report outlines a roadmap for sustainable deep-sea and offshore fisheries, boosting exports, livelihoods, and India’s Blue Economy.

The Great Nicobar Project aims to develop a port, airport, and township on India’s southernmost island, balancing strategic goals with ecological and tribal concerns.

PM launches Mission for Aatmanirbharta in Pulses (2025–31) to boost production to 350 lakh tonnes, ensure MSP, expand cultivation, and enhance farmer incomes.

Dr. Sonali Ghosh becomes first Indian to win IUCN Kenton Miller Award 2025 for innovation and leadership in protected area conservation.

UNESCO launches the world’s first Virtual Museum of Stolen Cultural Objects, digitally showcasing and tracing looted artifacts to promote heritage restitution.

A complete HPPSC-focused analysis of the Skill Development Allowance Scheme,

A complete HPPSC-focused analysis of Rajiv Gandhi Swarozgar Start-up Scheme,


The National Board for Wildlife is India’s apex body for

Himachal Pradesh hosts diverse wildlife across alpine, temperate, and subtropical

A complete HPPSC-focused analysis of Mukhya Mantri Swavalamban Yojana (2019),
Sindh is a historical and geographical region located in southeastern Pakistan, bordering India’s Rajasthan and Gujarat states. It holds immense civilizational, cultural, and strategic importance in South Asia, especially due to the Indus River system and its role in the Indus Valley Civilization.
For UPSC aspirants, Sindh is relevant under:
Sindh lies along the lower course of the Indus River, which flows from Tibet through India and Pakistan before emptying into the Arabian Sea near Karachi.
Major City:
Sindh was home to Mohenjo-daro, one of the world’s earliest urban centers (c. 2500 BCE).
Sindh became part of Pakistan in 1947 during Partition.
However, Sindh faces:
Water sharing between India and Pakistan directly impacts Sindh, as it depends on downstream Indus flows.
Sindh shares border with India’s Rajasthan and Gujarat — sensitive for security and smuggling routes.
Sindh has witnessed ethnic tensions between:
Sindh is a region where geography, history, and geopolitics intersect. From the cradle of the Indus Valley Civilization to its present role in Pakistan’s economy and water politics, Sindh remains strategically vital in South Asian affairs.
Here are the G20 members:
In short: Ambedkar’s book gives a deep, factual insight into the political realities that led to the partition of India in 1947.
(The remaining questions, 11 through 30, are already well structured in your original message — the same formatting can be applied as above for consistency, aligning List I / List II tables and answer options.)
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