The 85th Amendment (2001) grants SC/ST employees reservation in promotions with consequential seniority, applied retrospectively from 1995.
The 81st and 82nd Amendments strengthened SC/ST representation by allowing carry-forward of reserved vacancies and relaxing promotion standards.
The 81st Amendment Bill, 1996 proposed one-third reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies, building on earlier local body reforms.
The 77th Amendment (1995) restored reservation in promotions for SCs/STs after the Indra Sawhney ruling, ensuring their adequate representation in government services.
SC held Sri Aurobindo Society not a religious denomination; upheld Auroville Act, 1980 as valid and non-violative of fundamental rights.
Landmark case expanding Article 21; established the Golden Triangle of Articles 14, 19 & 21, ensuring fair, just, and reasonable laws.
The Brij Bhushan case (1950) upheld press freedom, ruling that pre-censorship violates Article 19(1)(a) unless justified by public order.
The 1986 Bijoe Emmanuel vs State of Kerala case upheld the right to freedom of religion and expression, affirming that patriotism cannot be forced.
Part I – The Union and Its Territory explains India’s political structure, state formation, and the flexibility of its federal system.
The Supreme Court upheld Article 300A, ruling that the Right to Property is a constitutional and human right requiring due process and compensation.
In-flight Internet allows passengers to access Wi-Fi during flights using
The Fujiwhara Effect occurs when two nearby cyclones begin rotating
Mana Mitra is Andhra Pradesh’s WhatsApp-based governance platform providing 700+
State PSCs need reforms in recruitment, syllabus, and transparency to
Rajasthan’s Aapki Beti Yojana provides annual financial assistance to girl
