Why Indonesia is a Key Pillar of India’s Act East Policy

India’s expanding network of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) is opening new markets and strengthening global trade partnerships. However, challenges such as rising trade deficits, low utilization rates, inverted duty structures, and manufacturing competitiveness continue to shape the debate on India’s trade strategy.

India’s Cotton Productivity Mission aims to boost cotton yields from 441 kg/ha to 755 kg/ha by 2031. The initiative has renewed debate on Bt Cotton, biotechnology, seed innovation, and regulatory reforms needed to revive productivity and strengthen India’s textile economy.

The Fiscal Health Index (FHI) evaluates the financial performance of Indian states through indicators such as revenue mobilisation, expenditure quality, fiscal prudence, and debt sustainability. It has sparked debate on balancing sound public finances with social development outcomes.

The Global Environment Facility (GEF), the world’s largest environmental funding mechanism, is facing a major biodiversity funding crunch after a 36% reduction in its conservation pool. The crisis is accelerating the shift toward private finance, innovative green investments, and community-led conservation models.