GS II

Courts, Spectrum and the State: Defining the Boundaries of Sovereign Power
Courts, Spectrum and the State: Defining the Boundaries of Sovereign Power

Recent Supreme Court and Bombay High Court judgments have clarified the scope of Sovereign Power over public resources such as spectrum while reaffirming constitutional limits on executive authority. The rulings strengthen the Public Trust Doctrine, contractual certainty, transparency, and accountable governance in India’s resource allocation framework.

75 Years of the First Constitutional Amendment: The Amendment That Reshaped India's Democracy
How the First Constitutional Amendment Redefined Fundamental Rights and Judicial Review

Seventy-five years after its enactment, the First Constitutional Amendment Act, 1951 continues to shape India’s democracy. From introducing the Ninth Schedule and enabling land reforms to expanding reservations and redefining free speech limits, its legacy remains central to debates on rights, social justice, and judicial review.

H-1B Visa Fee Verdict: Understanding the U.S. Court Ruling and Its Impact on Global Talent Mobility
Decoding the H-1B Visa Fee Verdict and Its Impact on Indian Professionals

A U.S. court has struck down the proposed $100,000 H-1B visa fee, reaffirming that major taxation measures require Congressional approval. The ruling highlights the balance between immigration policy, constitutional governance, and global talent mobility, with significant implications for Indian professionals and the diaspora.

India–Indonesia Relations: Strengthening Maritime, Strategic and Economic Cooperation in the Indo-Pacific
Why Indonesia is a Key Pillar of India’s Act East Policy

India and Indonesia are strengthening their Comprehensive Strategic Partnership through deeper cooperation in maritime security, defense, trade, digital connectivity, and infrastructure. As key Indo-Pacific powers, both nations play a vital role in promoting regional stability and economic growth.

On-Screen Marking (OSM): The Future of CBSE Board Exam Assessment
On-Screen Marking (OSM): The Future of CBSE Board Exam Assessment

The CBSE On-Screen Marking (OSM) system marks a major shift towards digital evaluation of board exams. By using scanned answer sheets and computer-based assessment, OSM aims to improve accuracy, transparency, efficiency, and speed in the examination process.

Rajasthan's First Land Pooling Scheme and the Future of Urban Development
Rajasthan’s First Land Pooling Scheme and the Future of Urban Development

The Land Pooling Scheme (LPS) is emerging as a modern alternative to traditional land acquisition in India. By pooling land, developing infrastructure, and returning serviced plots to owners, it promotes planned urban growth, reduces disputes, and benefits both landowners and governments.

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