The 81st Amendment Bill, 1996 proposed one-third reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies, building on earlier local body reforms.
The 77th Amendment (1995) restored reservation in promotions for SCs/STs after the Indra Sawhney ruling, ensuring their adequate representation in government services.
Jyotiba Phule, founder of Satyashodhak Samaj, led early anti-caste and women’s education reforms, shaping India’s modern social justice foundations.
Swami Vivekananda modernised Hinduism, globalised Vedanta and Yoga, founded the Ramakrishna Mission, and inspired India’s national awakening through rational spirituality.
Swami Dayanand Saraswati, founder of Arya Samaj, led major Vedic-based social and religious reforms, opposing idol worship, caste discrimination and social evils.
Raja Ram Mohan Roy, the “Father of Modern India,” led major social and religious reforms like ending Sati, promoting women’s rights and modern education.
Ancient, discontinuous low ranges along east coast; lower rainfall than Western Ghats; cut by major rivers; Jindhagada is highest peak.
The Western Ghats are a UNESCO-listed biodiversity hotspot shaping peninsular India’s climate, rivers, and ecology.
The Satpura Range is a central Indian highland, forming a major physiographic divide between the Narmada and Tapti valleys and the Deccan Plateau.
Aravalli Range is one of Earth’s oldest mountain systems, vital for ecology, water security, biodiversity, and desert-control in western India.
Observed on 30 January, Martyrs’ Day honours Mahatma Gandhi and
Ancient India forged unity through interaction, not uniformity—blending diverse peoples,
France links Alpine geography, nuclear-driven energy security and semi-presidential governance
The United States of America occupies a pivotal position in
Canada, the world’s second-largest country, is shaped by plate tectonics
The IAF trainer aircraft crash in Prayagraj highlights the operational
