
Martyrs’ Day (30 January)
Observed on 30 January, Martyrs’ Day honours Mahatma Gandhi and India’s freedom fighters. The nation pauses at 11 AM for two minutes of silence—reaffirming constitutional values, civic duty, and ethical governance.

Observed on 30 January, Martyrs’ Day honours Mahatma Gandhi and India’s freedom fighters. The nation pauses at 11 AM for two minutes of silence—reaffirming constitutional values, civic duty, and ethical governance.

The IAF trainer aircraft crash in Prayagraj highlights the operational risks of military training and underscores the importance of defence preparedness, civil-military coordination, and efficient disaster response within India’s internal security framework.

The India–Japan AI Dialogue and Critical Minerals partnership mark a strategic shift toward economic security, technology collaboration and diversification of supply chains for emerging industries.

India–EU ties enter a transformative phase with the 16th Summit and Republic Day diplomatic milestone.

“India’s 2026 reshuffle of BSF, ITBP and NIA leadership marks a strategic shift in Internal Security, strengthening border management, counter-terrorism and long-term institutional stability.”
The inspiring journey of Margaret Noble, who became Sister Nivedita and devoted her life to India’s spiritual and national awakening.

Swami Vivekananda inspired India’s youth through spiritual strength, national pride, and service to humanity.

In-flight Internet allows passengers to access Wi-Fi during flights using air-to-ground networks or satellite systems, enabling connectivity even at 30,000+ feet.

The Fujiwhara Effect occurs when two nearby cyclones begin rotating around a common centre, affecting their track, intensity, and rainfall patterns.

State PSCs need reforms in recruitment, syllabus, and transparency to match UPSC standards and regain aspirants’ trust.

Observed on 30 January, Martyrs’ Day honours Mahatma Gandhi and

Ancient India forged unity through interaction, not uniformity—blending diverse peoples,

France links Alpine geography, nuclear-driven energy security and semi-presidential governance

The United States of America occupies a pivotal position in

Canada, the world’s second-largest country, is shaped by plate tectonics

The IAF trainer aircraft crash in Prayagraj highlights the operational
Here are the G20 members:
In short: Ambedkar’s book gives a deep, factual insight into the political realities that led to the partition of India in 1947.
(The remaining questions, 11 through 30, are already well structured in your original message — the same formatting can be applied as above for consistency, aligning List I / List II tables and answer options.)
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