France links Alpine geography, nuclear-driven energy security and semi-presidential governance with a growing Indo-Pacific role and strategic partnership with India, making it a high-yield topic for UPSC aspirants.
The United States of America occupies a pivotal position in North America, where its mountain systems, river basins and coastal plains have shaped agriculture, industry and global power, making it a classic case study in regional geography and geopolitics for UPSC aspirants.
Canada, the world’s second-largest country, is shaped by plate tectonics and glaciation, resulting in vast resource wealth, climatic diversity, and strategic Arctic importance. Its geography strongly influences its economy, global role, and relations with India.
Mont Blanc, the highest peak of the Alps and Western Europe, stands on the France–Italy border and represents the outcome of Alpine tectonics and extensive glaciation, shaping the climate, drainage, and human geography of France and the wider European region.
Ben Nevis, the highest peak in the United Kingdom, stands in Scotland’s Grampian Mountains and preserves a remarkable record of Caledonian tectonics, ancient volcanism, and glacial sculpting, making it central to understanding the physical geography of Scotland and the British Isles.
Mount Logan, Canada’s highest peak in the Yukon’s Saint Elias Range, is the world’s largest non-volcanic mountain, shaped by active tectonics and vast glaciers, key to understanding Canada’s physical geography.
“Mount Whitney, the highest peak in the contiguous USA, lies in California’s Sierra Nevada on the Great Basin–Pacific divide, shaping the region’s drainage, climate, and rugged relief.”
World Heritage Day (18 April) highlights the need to protect cultural and natural heritage. India currently has 43 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, supported by major ASI and digital heritage initiatives.
Pi Day on 14 March celebrates the constant π, its scientific importance, and key contributions by Aryabhata and Ramanujan in its calculation.
World Sparrow Day (20 March) highlights the decline of sparrows and promotes conservation through urban greening, habitat protection, and public awareness.
Observed on 30 January, Martyrs’ Day honours Mahatma Gandhi and
Ancient India forged unity through interaction, not uniformity—blending diverse peoples,
France links Alpine geography, nuclear-driven energy security and semi-presidential governance
The United States of America occupies a pivotal position in
Canada, the world’s second-largest country, is shaped by plate tectonics
The IAF trainer aircraft crash in Prayagraj highlights the operational
