PM GatiShakti National Master Plan
PM GatiShakti is a digital, GIS-based infrastructure master plan aimed at reducing logistics costs through synchronized, multimodal connectivity.
Ayushman Bharat
Ayushman Bharat aims to achieve Universal Health Coverage through Ayushman Arogya Mandirs and PM-JAY, providing ₹5 lakh health cover and nationwide primary care.
PM Kisan Samman Nidhi Yojana
PM-KISAN provides ₹6,000 yearly income support to eligible small farmers through DBT, aiming to ease farm costs and strengthen rural livelihoods.
Himalayan Black Bear
Himalayan Black Bears are becoming increasingly aggressive in Uttarakhand as climate change disrupts their hibernation cycles, escalating human–wildlife conflicts.
Rise of White-Collar Terrorism
White-collar terrorism is rising in India, with educated professionals using skills and technology to plan sophisticated extremist acts, posing new security risks.
85th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001
The 85th Amendment (2001) grants SC/ST employees reservation in promotions with consequential seniority, applied retrospectively from 1995.
82nd Amendment (2000)
The 81st and 82nd Amendments strengthened SC/ST representation by allowing carry-forward of reserved vacancies and relaxing promotion standards.
The Constitution (81st Amendment) Bill, 1996
The 81st Amendment Bill, 1996 proposed one-third reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies, building on earlier local body reforms.
The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995
The 77th Amendment (1995) restored reservation in promotions for SCs/STs after the Indra Sawhney ruling, ensuring their adequate representation in government services.
Jyotiba Phule
Jyotiba Phule, founder of Satyashodhak Samaj, led early anti-caste and women’s education reforms, shaping India’s modern social justice foundations.