Bhitarkanika National Park, Odisha
About the Park:
- Location: Kendrapara district, Odisha.
- Area: 672 sq. km of mangrove swamps in the delta of the Brahmani, Baitarani, and Dhamra rivers.
- Status: India’s second-largest mangrove ecosystem after the Sundarbans; also a Ramsar Site.
- Terrain: Estuaries, creeks, tidal rivers, and mudflats, enriched by proximity to the Bay of Bengal.
Biodiversity:
- Flora: Rich mangrove species, casuarinas, and salt-tolerant shrubs like indigo bush.
- Fauna:
- Largest natural habitat of the Saltwater Crocodile in India.
- Gahirmatha Beach, along the park’s eastern boundary, is the world’s largest nesting ground of the Olive Ridley Turtle.
- Mammals: Wild boar, spotted deer, sambar, jungle cats, and hyenas.
- Avifauna: Migratory birds during winter and 8 kingfisher species.
Ecological Importance:
- Acts as a natural buffer against cyclones and tidal surges.
- Supports coastal livelihoods through fishing, ecotourism, and mangrove resources.
