Environment & Biodiversity – Kharai Camels
Syllabus: Conservation, Animal Husbandry, Indigenous Breeds (Prelims)
Source: The Times of India
Context:
A herd of 33 rare Kharai camels from Singach village in Gujarat was caught in the Arabian Sea tide near Jamnagar while grazing on mangroves, highlighting the vulnerability and ecological significance of this unique camel breed.
About Kharai Camels:
What is the Kharai Camel?
- A rare swimming camel breed, endemic to Gujarat.
- Known for foraging in saline and mangrove ecosystems, making it India’s ninth recognized camel breed.
Habitat & Distribution:
- Native to the Kutch region of Gujarat:
- Found in Bhachau, Abdasa, Lakhpat, and parts of Devbhoomi Dwarka and Jamnagar.
- Estimated population: ~4,000 (with 2,000 in coastal Kutch).
- Swims across shallow seawater to reach mangrove islands for grazing.
Cultural & Community Link:
- Reared traditionally by Rabari and Fakirani Jat communities.
- Managed under the Maldhari pastoral system – ‘Maldhari’ means “owner of livestock”.
- These communities also rear cattle and goats in Kutch and Gir forest.
Key Characteristics:
- Swimming Ability: Can swim up to 3 km in the Arabian Sea.
- Adaptation: Survives on saline vegetation, unlike most camels.
- Type: Dromedary (single-humped), muscular build, weighs up to 500 kg.
- Migration Pattern: Moves to mangrove islands during monsoon for several weeks.
- Diet: Primarily feeds on mangroves, a rare trait among camelids.
Significance & Conservation Importance:
1. Ecological Role:
- Contributes to sustainable grazing and mangrove ecosystem balance.
2. Cultural Heritage:
- Symbolizes the resilience of indigenous pastoral economies and nomadic life.
3. Climate Resilience:
- A model of climate-adapted livestock, suitable for climate-smart agriculture in saline-prone and coastal areas.
Conclusion:
The Kharai camel is a symbol of ecological adaptation and cultural continuity. Its unique ability to thrive in saline coastal ecosystems and reliance on mangrove-based diets makes it a vital resource for sustainable livestock systems in the context of climate change and biodiversity conservation. Urgent efforts are needed to protect its habitat, support traditional herding communities, and integrate it into conservation policies.
