Himalayan Black Bear
Himalayan Black Bears are becoming increasingly aggressive in Uttarakhand as climate change disrupts their hibernation cycles, escalating human–wildlife conflicts.
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November 13, 2025
Rise of White-Collar Terrorism
White-collar terrorism is rising in India, with educated professionals using skills and technology to plan sophisticated extremist acts, posing new security risks.
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85th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2001
The 85th Amendment (2001) grants SC/ST employees reservation in promotions with consequential seniority, applied retrospectively from 1995.
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82nd Amendment (2000)
The 81st and 82nd Amendments strengthened SC/ST representation by allowing carry-forward of reserved vacancies and relaxing promotion standards.
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The Constitution (81st Amendment) Bill, 1996
The 81st Amendment Bill, 1996 proposed one-third reservation for women in Parliament and State Assemblies, building on earlier local body reforms.
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The Constitution (77th Amendment) Act, 1995
The 77th Amendment (1995) restored reservation in promotions for SCs/STs after the Indra Sawhney ruling, ensuring their adequate representation in government services.
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